ParaMonte Fortran 2.0.0
Parallel Monte Carlo and Machine Learning Library
See the latest version documentation.
pm_mathGamma::getGammaIncLow Interface Reference

Generate and return the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function for the specified shape parameter ( \(\kappa\)) and upper limit of the integral x. More...

Detailed Description

Generate and return the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function for the specified shape parameter ( \(\kappa\)) and upper limit of the integral x.

The regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function is defined as,

\begin{equation} \large P(\kappa, x) = \frac{1}{\Gamma(\kappa)} \int_0^{x}~t^{\kappa-1}{\mathrm e}^{-t} ~ dt ~, \end{equation}

where \((\kappa > 0, x > 0)\) should hold, with \(\kappa\) representing the shape parameter of the Gamma function (or distribution) and \(x\) representing the upper limit in the integral of the Lower Incomplete Gamma function.

Note that this integral is bounded between zero and one ( \([0,1]\)).

The regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function also represents the complement of the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) of the univariate Gamma distribution with the specified shape parameter and standardized x (with the scale parameter of unity).

Parameters
[in]x: The input scalar of type real of kind any supported by the processor (e.g., RK, RK32, RK64, or RK128), representing the upper limit in the integral of the Lower Incomplete Gamma function \(P(\kappa,x)\).
[in]kappa: The input scalar of the same type and kind as x, representing the shape parameter ( \(\kappa\)) of the Lower Incomplete Gamma function \(P(\kappa,x)\).
Returns
gammaIncLow : The output scalar of the same type and kind as the output argument x representing the Lower Incomplete Gamma function for the specified kappa and upper limit.
Note that gammaIncLow is, by definition, always positive in the range \([0, 1]\).
Note that the procedure will abruptly end the program by calling error stop if the computation of the Incomplete Gamma function fails to converge**.


Possible calling interfaces

gammaIncLow = getGammaIncLow(x, kappa)
Generate and return the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function for the specified shape parameter...
This module contains procedures and generic interfaces for the Lower and Upper Incomplete Gamma funct...
Warning
The kappa and x input arguments must be positive real numbers.
These conditions are verified only if the library is built with the preprocessor macro CHECK_ENABLED=1.
Remarks
The procedures under discussion are impure.
The procedures under discussion are elemental.
The procedures under this generic interface solely provide a more convenient method of calling the subroutine equivalents setGammaInc.
As such they are slower than the corresponding subroutine version.
See also
setGammaInc
getGammaIncLow
setGammaInc


Example usage

1program example
2
3 use pm_kind, only: SK
4 use pm_kind, only: IK
5 use pm_kind, only: LK
6 use pm_kind, only: RKS, RKD, RKH
7 use pm_io, only: display_type
9
10 implicit none
11
12 type(display_type) :: disp
13 disp = display_type(file = "main.out.F90")
14
15 call disp%skip()
16 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
17 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
18 call disp%show("! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function using its series representation.")
19 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
20 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
21 call disp%skip()
22
23 call disp%skip()
24 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKS, kappa = 2._RKS)")
25 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKS, kappa = 2._RKS) )
26 call disp%skip()
27
28 call disp%skip()
29 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKD, kappa = 2._RKD)")
30 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKD, kappa = 2._RKD) )
31 call disp%skip()
32
33 call disp%skip()
34 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKH, kappa = 2._RKH)")
35 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKH, kappa = 2._RKH) )
36 call disp%skip()
37
38
39 call disp%skip()
40 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
41 call disp%show("! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of points.")
42 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
43 call disp%skip()
44
45
46 call disp%skip()
47 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS], kappa = 2._RKS)")
48 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS], kappa = 2._RKS) )
49 call disp%skip()
50
51 call disp%skip()
52 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD], kappa = 2._RKD)")
53 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD], kappa = 2._RKD) )
54 call disp%skip()
55
56 call disp%skip()
57 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH], kappa = 2._RKH)")
58 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH], kappa = 2._RKH) )
59 call disp%skip()
60
61
62 call disp%skip()
63 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
64 call disp%show("! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of shape parameters.")
65 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
66 call disp%skip()
67
68
69 call disp%skip()
70 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKS, kappa = [0.1_RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS])")
71 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKS, kappa = [0.1_RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS]) )
72 call disp%skip()
73
74 call disp%skip()
75 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKD, kappa = [0.1_RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD])")
76 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKD, kappa = [0.1_RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD]) )
77 call disp%skip()
78
79 call disp%skip()
80 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKH, kappa = [0.1_RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH])")
81 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKH, kappa = [0.1_RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH]) )
82 call disp%skip()
83
84
85 call disp%skip()
86 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
87 call disp%show("! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of points and shape parameters.")
88 call disp%show("!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%")
89 call disp%skip()
90
91
92 block
93
94 integer(IK) :: i, rprecision
95 integer(IK), allocatable :: exprange(:)
96
97 call disp%skip()
98 call disp%show("rprecision = precision(0._RKS) / 2")
99 rprecision = precision(0._RKS) / 2
100 call disp%show("rprecision")
101 call disp%show( rprecision )
102 call disp%show("exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]")
103 exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
104 call disp%show("exprange")
105 call disp%show( exprange )
106 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKS**exprange, kappa = 10._RKS**exprange)")
107 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKS**exprange, kappa = 10._RKS**exprange) )
108 call disp%skip()
109
110 call disp%skip()
111 call disp%show("rprecision = precision(0._RKD) / 2")
112 rprecision = precision(0._RKD) / 2
113 call disp%show("rprecision")
114 call disp%show( rprecision )
115 call disp%show("exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]")
116 exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
117 call disp%show("exprange")
118 call disp%show( exprange )
119 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKD**exprange, kappa = 10._RKD**exprange)")
120 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKD**exprange, kappa = 10._RKD**exprange) )
121 call disp%skip()
122
123 call disp%skip()
124 call disp%show("rprecision = precision(0._RKH) / 2")
125 rprecision = precision(0._RKH) / 2
126 call disp%show("rprecision")
127 call disp%show( rprecision )
128 call disp%show("exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]")
129 exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
130 call disp%show("exprange")
131 call disp%show( exprange )
132 call disp%show("getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKH**exprange, kappa = 10._RKH**exprange)")
133 call disp%show( getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKH**exprange, kappa = 10._RKH**exprange) )
134 call disp%skip()
135
136 end block
137
138 !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
139 ! Output an example array of the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma function for visualization.
140 !%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
141
142 block
143
144 use pm_arraySpace, only: setLinSpace
145 integer(IK) , parameter :: NP = 1000_IK
146 real(RKS) :: x_RKS(NP)
147 integer :: fileUnit, i
148
149 call setLinSpace(x_RKS, 0._RKS, 10._RKS)
150 open(newunit = fileUnit, file = "getGammaIncLow.RK.txt")
151 do i = 1, NP
152 write(fileUnit, "(*(g0,:,' '))") x_RKS(i), getGammaIncLow(x_RKS(i), kappa = [1.0_RKS, 2.5_RKS, 5.0_RKS])
153 end do
154 close(fileUnit)
155
156 end block
157
158end program example
Return the linSpace output argument with size(linSpace) elements of evenly-spaced values over the int...
This is a generic method of the derived type display_type with pass attribute.
Definition: pm_io.F90:11726
This is a generic method of the derived type display_type with pass attribute.
Definition: pm_io.F90:11508
This module contains procedures and generic interfaces for generating arrays with linear or logarithm...
This module contains classes and procedures for input/output (IO) or generic display operations on st...
Definition: pm_io.F90:252
type(display_type) disp
This is a scalar module variable an object of type display_type for general display.
Definition: pm_io.F90:11393
This module defines the relevant Fortran kind type-parameters frequently used in the ParaMonte librar...
Definition: pm_kind.F90:268
integer, parameter LK
The default logical kind in the ParaMonte library: kind(.true.) in Fortran, kind(....
Definition: pm_kind.F90:541
integer, parameter IK
The default integer kind in the ParaMonte library: int32 in Fortran, c_int32_t in C-Fortran Interoper...
Definition: pm_kind.F90:540
integer, parameter RKD
The double precision real kind in Fortran mode. On most platforms, this is an 64-bit real kind.
Definition: pm_kind.F90:568
integer, parameter SK
The default character kind in the ParaMonte library: kind("a") in Fortran, c_char in C-Fortran Intero...
Definition: pm_kind.F90:539
integer, parameter RKH
The scalar integer constant of intrinsic default kind, representing the highest-precision real kind t...
Definition: pm_kind.F90:858
integer, parameter RKS
The single-precision real kind in Fortran mode. On most platforms, this is an 32-bit real kind.
Definition: pm_kind.F90:567
Generate and return an object of type display_type.
Definition: pm_io.F90:10282

Example Unix compile command via Intel ifort compiler
1#!/usr/bin/env sh
2rm main.exe
3ifort -fpp -standard-semantics -O3 -Wl,-rpath,../../../lib -I../../../inc main.F90 ../../../lib/libparamonte* -o main.exe
4./main.exe

Example Windows Batch compile command via Intel ifort compiler
1del main.exe
2set PATH=..\..\..\lib;%PATH%
3ifort /fpp /standard-semantics /O3 /I:..\..\..\include main.F90 ..\..\..\lib\libparamonte*.lib /exe:main.exe
4main.exe

Example Unix / MinGW compile command via GNU gfortran compiler
1#!/usr/bin/env sh
2rm main.exe
3gfortran -cpp -ffree-line-length-none -O3 -Wl,-rpath,../../../lib -I../../../inc main.F90 ../../../lib/libparamonte* -o main.exe
4./main.exe

Example output
1
2!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
3!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
4! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function using its series representation.
5!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
6!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
7
8
9getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKS, kappa = 2._RKS)
10+0.442174435
11
12
13getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKD, kappa = 2._RKD)
14+0.44217459962892536
15
16
17getGammaIncLow(x = 1.5_RKH, kappa = 2._RKH)
18+0.442174599628925427666798823089968559
19
20
21!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
22! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of points.
23!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
24
25
26getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS], kappa = 2._RKS)
27+0.00000000, +0.264241129, +0.999500573
28
29
30getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD], kappa = 2._RKD)
31+0.0000000000000000, +0.26424111765711528, +0.99950060077261271
32
33
34getGammaIncLow(x = [0._RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH], kappa = 2._RKH)
35+0.00000000000000000000000000000000000, +0.264241117657115356808952459677078110, +0.999500600772612666633108493328833987
36
37
38!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
39! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of shape parameters.
40!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
41
42
43getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKS, kappa = [0.1_RKS, 1._RKS, 10._RKS])
44+0.975872695, +0.632120550, +0.111424356E-6
45
46
47getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKD, kappa = [0.1_RKD, 1._RKD, 10._RKD])
48+0.97587265627367237, +0.63212055882855767, +0.11142547833872021E-6
49
50
51getGammaIncLow(x = 1._RKH, kappa = [0.1_RKH, 1._RKH, 10._RKH])
52+0.975872656273672222617030564366645365, +0.632120558828557678404476229838539127, +0.111425478338720677353048198587738909E-6
53
54
55!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
56! Compute the regularized Lower Incomplete Gamma Function for a vector of points and shape parameters.
57!%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
58
59
60rprecision = precision(0._RKS) / 2
61rprecision
62+3
63exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
64exprange
65-3, -2, -1, +0, +1, +2, +3
66getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKS**exprange, kappa = 10._RKS**exprange)
67+0.993687630, +0.960347414, +0.827551782, +0.632120550, +0.542070270, +0.513298810, +0.504205227
68
69
70rprecision = precision(0._RKD) / 2
71rprecision
72+7
73exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
74exprange
75-7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, +0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7
76getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKD**exprange, kappa = 10._RKD**exprange)
77+0.99999844591319076, +0.99998676179091028, +0.99989064869904365, +0.99913704186899344, +0.99368764670886034, +0.96034742352150926, +0.82755175958585059, +0.63212055882855767, +0.54207028552814762, +0.51329879827914859, +0.50420524418021551, +0.50132980833995522, +0.50042052211036525, +0.50013298076087254, +0.50004205220872366
78
79
80rprecision = precision(0._RKH) / 2
81rprecision
82+16
83exprange = [(i, i = -rprecision, rprecision)]
84exprange
85-16, -15, -14, -13, -12, -11, -10, -9, -8, -7, -6, -5, -4, -3, -2, -1, +0, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5, +6, +7, +8, +9, +10, +11, +12, +13, +14, +15, +16
86getGammaIncLow(x = 10._RKH**exprange, kappa = 10._RKH**exprange)
87+0.999999999999996373585417699686748847, +0.999999999999966038439269991422471636, +0.999999999999683410243629898865133795, +0.999999999997064360945602184660495791, +0.999999999972946194549337116380045088, +0.999999999752487796450119202118859619, +0.999999997755136475997589056179272555, +0.999999979853950029064322113904329775, +0.999999821565364946706359216161737009, +0.999998445913190763809082249812063593, +0.999986761790910335167378117922698844, +0.999890648699043670145241732485521290, +0.999137041868993400061435556832101876, +0.993687646708860290206558750403283676, +0.960347423521509198326882715453714384, +0.827551759585850541450312389744143485, +0.632120558828557678404476229838539127, +0.542070285528147791685845370654762642, +0.513298798279148664857314256560736836, +0.504205244180215508503777843602118862, +0.501329808339955200382742251299851386, +0.500420522110365176693312579043826337, +0.500132980760872591244322817503206681, +0.500042052208723698333756164784025937, +0.500013298076014119871248917592827104, +0.500004205220870056962418526621128081, +0.500001329807601338847708467065353556, +0.500000420522087003383370379357918933, +0.500000132980760133811631428649428437, +0.500000042052208700336024166457325569, +0.500000013298076013381090003446869344, +0.500000004205220870033600103774254030, +0.500000001329807601338108927205268918
88
89

Postprocessing of the example output
1#!/usr/bin/env python
2
3import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
4import pandas as pd
5import numpy as np
6import glob
7import sys
8
9fontsize = 17
10
11kind = "RK"
12label = [ r"shape: $\kappa = 1.0$"
13 , r"shape: $\kappa = 2.5$"
14 , r"shape: $\kappa = 5.0$"
15 ]
16
17pattern = "*." + kind + ".txt"
18fileList = glob.glob(pattern)
19if len(fileList) == 1:
20
21 df = pd.read_csv(fileList[0], delimiter = " ")
22
23 fig = plt.figure(figsize = 1.25 * np.array([6.4, 4.8]), dpi = 200)
24 ax = plt.subplot()
25
26 for i in range(1,len(df.values[0,:]+1)):
27
28 plt.plot( df.values[:, 0]
29 , df.values[:,i]
30 , linewidth = 2
31 )
32
33 plt.xticks(fontsize = fontsize - 2)
34 plt.yticks(fontsize = fontsize - 2)
35 ax.set_xlabel("x", fontsize = fontsize)
36 ax.set_ylabel("Regularized Lower\nIncomplete Gamma Function", fontsize = fontsize)
37
38 plt.grid(visible = True, which = "both", axis = "both", color = "0.85", linestyle = "-")
39 ax.tick_params(axis = "y", which = "minor")
40 ax.tick_params(axis = "x", which = "minor")
41
42 ax.legend ( label
43 , fontsize = fontsize
44 #, loc = "center left"
45 #, bbox_to_anchor = (1, 0.5)
46 )
47
48 plt.savefig(fileList[0].replace(".txt",".png"))
49
50else:
51
52 sys.exit("Ambiguous file list exists.")

Visualization of the example output
Test:
test_pm_mathGamma


Final Remarks


If you believe this algorithm or its documentation can be improved, we appreciate your contribution and help to edit this page's documentation and source file on GitHub.
For details on the naming abbreviations, see this page.
For details on the naming conventions, see this page.
This software is distributed under the MIT license with additional terms outlined below.

  1. If you use any parts or concepts from this library to any extent, please acknowledge the usage by citing the relevant publications of the ParaMonte library.
  2. If you regenerate any parts/ideas from this library in a programming environment other than those currently supported by this ParaMonte library (i.e., other than C, C++, Fortran, MATLAB, Python, R), please also ask the end users to cite this original ParaMonte library.

This software is available to the public under a highly permissive license.
Help us justify its continued development and maintenance by acknowledging its benefit to society, distributing it, and contributing to it.

Author:
Fatemeh Bagheri, Monday 12:36 pm, August 16, 2021, Dallas TX

Definition at line 124 of file pm_mathGamma.F90.


The documentation for this interface was generated from the following file: