This quiz aims at testing your basic knowledge of Version Control System. Don’t forget to push your answers to your remote repository by the end of quiz time. Push all your answers to quiz/1/ folder in your Github project.

1. Which of the following Git commands can add all the new and modified-existing files to the staging area? choose all that apply.
   
   (A) git add -A
   (B) git add --A
   (C) git add -all
   (D) git add --all
   (E) git add -u
   (F) git add .
   (G) git add .; git add -u
   (H) git add .; git add --u
   (I) git add -u; git add .
   (J) git add --u; git add .

   Answer: A, D, G, F, I

2. Which of the following Git commands both stages and commits only modified and deleted files but NOT the new files added to the repository since the last commit. Choose all that apply.
   
   (A) git commit
   (B) git commit -a
   (C) git commit -am

   Answer: B, C

3. Write down the Git command that lists all Git commands for you.

   Answer:

    $ git help -a
   

4. (A) What is the closest programming language to machine code (i.e., binary code)?

   Answer:
   Assembly

   (B) Does it need interpretation in order to become machine-comprehensible?

   Answer:
   Yes. An Assembler interprets the program for the machine.

5. (A) Name the oldest high-level programming language that is still in active daily use.

   Answer:
   Fortran

   (B) Approximately how many decades is it old? ($\pm15$ years is acceptable answer. the decade it was created is also an acceptable answer)

   Answer:
   in 1950s

6. (A) Name a second-generation programming language.

   Answer:
   Assembly

   (B) Which language-generation are Fortran, C, C++, MATLAB, Python, R?

   Answer:
   third, third, third, fourth, fourth, fourth

7. In what decades C, C++, and MATLAB/Python were created, respectively?

   Answer:
   1970s, 1980s, 1980s, 1990s

8. Name an ancestor programming language of C.

   Answer:
   B

9. Name a programming language ancestor of C++.

   Answer:
   C, Simula

10. Name a programming language ancestor of MATLAB/Python.

    Answer:
    Fortran/C

11. How would you distinguish exponential behavior vs. power-law behavior (relationship) in a 2-dimensional plot?

    Answer:
    An exponential curve looks like a line only when the X-axis is plotted on log-scale.
    A power-law curve looks like a line only when both the X- and Y- axes are plotted on log-scale.